Quench-and-temper heat treatments are applied at many different cooling rates, holding times, and temperatures; they constitute a very important means of controlling steel's properties.
Low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of solutionized 316L(N) stainless steel (SS) has been studied at various temperatures, strain amplitudes, strain rates, hold times and in 20% prior cold worked condition.
The effects of the production variables such as temperature, heating rate, flow rate and holding time of carbonization stage and activation stage on the adsorption capacity of activated carbon were investigated.
These morphological phases are formed and preserved by controlling the amplitude, rate and holding time of the bias voltage.
With these results, it was possible to establish correlations among the esthetic effects, the microstructure, and the heat treatment conditions (temperature, heating rate, and holding time).
The effects of the factors including pyrolysis temperature, reactor pressure, heating rate and holding time on bio-oil yield were analyzed.
The different dependences of both the hardness and Young's modulus on loading rate and holding time were associated with creep deformation occurring during indentation testing.
The surface area, morphology and surface carbon deposition phenomenon of the carbides were sensitive to heating rate and holding time other than the above factors.
The peak temperature served as the primary influencing factor; meanwhile, the cooling rate and holding time also influenced the strength reduction, which influencing extents were related to the steel type.
The speed of piston will influence the flow rate and holding time of feedstock in the die.
