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Using two methods, we estimated the ratio of the non-synonymous and synonymous mutation rate (designated ω) for each codon across the WNV genome, where ω > 1 is indicative of positive selection and ω < 1 is indicative of purifying selection.
In their study, the overall anti-HBs seropositive rate, designated as PRT, after a booster dose of HB vaccine was approximated by the following formula: where PR1 is the anti-HBs seropositive rate the before booster, and PR2 is the response rate in the booster recipients.
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The effects of region and age on the incidence rate of MRSA were assessed by calculating relative rates and their associated 95% confidence intervals, with the lowest rates designated as comparison groups.
Insulin infusion was constant on each day, at one of three randomly assigned rates: 1) a minimum rate of either 0.01 units/kg/h or an average of the subject's daytime basal rate, whichever was higher (designated "low"); 2) a rate of 0.05 units/kg/h (designated "high"); and 3) midway between the minimum and maximum rates (designated "medium").
One pure strain of bacteria with a high PAHs degradation rate was designated as ASU-06 and selected for further study.
If 2 or more time intervals had the same misclassification rate, we designated the shorter interval as the more efficient definition of loss to follow-up.
Areas identified as spatial outliers should be investigated using case-control studies (e.g. high-rate areas designated as cases and low-rate areas designated as controls) to identify risk factors that contribute to infection rate increases.
The business, which had lost its triple-A rating, was designated a "systemically important financial institution," and that limits the amount of leverage it can use and subjects it to tougher regulations.
Programs that have achieved significant reductions in nosocomial infection rates have designated at least one physician and one nurse in each ICU as team leaders [ 14 ].
Combination therapy significantly increased the response rates whether designated by the independent review facility (9.1% versus 19.8%; P = 0.001) or the local investigators (19.1% versus 30.2%; P = 0.006).
Refolding rates are designated as follows: ++, more than 75% soluble HLA-B27 monomer in gel-filtration analysis after refolding and biotinylation; +, more than 50% refolding;, more than 10% refolding; -, less than 10% refolding.
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