Traditionally ratings agencies like Moody's and Standard & Poor's have rated conduits after they go through a referral process, through a credit committee or a bank.
Figure 4 illustrates the eruption rate versus conduit diameter relationship.
Considering the large magma degassing rate, the conduit magma convection is the likely mechanism of the degassing at Shin-moedake after the lava effusion.
Fig. 4. Relationship between eruption rate and conduit radius for the initial Plinian phase of the 2011 eruption of the Shinmoedake volcano, following the CONFLOW model of Mastin (2002).
Figure 1 also shows the range of mass flow rates and conduit diameters for the Plinian eruption in AD 79 (Pompei eruption) and for the sub-Plinian eruption in AD 1631.
Historically, default rates in conduits have been less than 1%, and banks argue that expected losses are as low as 12 basis points.
The principal reason for elevated shear rate in deconditioned conduit arteries is therefore related to decreased conduit artery diameter and the consequent increase in velocity.
As demonstrated with sediment-source tracer test, entrapped solutes were generally flushed out more rapidly at a higher flow rate and steeper conduit angle.
Historically, the rating of the conduit has been divorced from comparable ratings related to the commercial paper, or other items, held by the conduit.
We compared pooled estimates of event rates for amputations, conduit failures, reinfections, early mortalities, and late mortalities in patients with aortic graft infection who were treated by extra-anatomic bypass, rifampicin-bonded prostheses, cryopreserved allografts, or autogenous veins.
