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Nucleotide sequences reported from the sequencing reaction are mapped to the rat reference genome for gene expression analysis.
The first 41 bases were aligned to the rat reference genome using the Gerald program.
RNA-Seq reads (50bp) were aligned to the rat reference genome (RGSC 3.4) by Bowtie [ 19].
Reads were then aligned to the RGSC-3.4 rat reference genome [ 18] with the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner version 0.5.8c [ 58].
Finally, we show that our data can be used to evaluate and improve contig order and orientation in the current rat reference genome assembly.
Since its initial publication in 2003, the rat reference genome has undergone major improvements and was recently further improved using a range of NGS-based methods [ 14].
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Celera will make public a reference DNA sequence based on the genomes of all these individuals.
Previous transcriptomic studies which relied on cross-hybridization to mouse DNA microarrays have showed considerable success [ 72] and in general, results from alignment to both mouse and rat reference genomes suggest that CHO genomic sequences are generally more similar to mouse genomic sequences [ 73].
In general, results from alignment to both mouse and rat reference genomes suggest that CHO genomic sequences are generally more similar to mouse genomic sequences, as previously demonstrated [ 15]. * Pseudogenes, RNA genes, and genes on Y chromosome were excluded from this analysis.
We predicted regulatory elements using three criteria: density of potential transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), sequence conservation across multiple genomes, and stretches of sequences with perfect conservation in human, mouse, and rat reference genomes.
Ultraconserved elements were first defined as sequences at least 200 bp long that show perfect conservation in alignments of the human, mouse and rat reference genomes (perfect HMR conservation).
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