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Rat neural precursor cells (NPC) [31] and primary culture of rat fetal neurons from the brain cortex [32] were obtained as described previously [31], [32] (for details see supplementary data on file S1) and served as positive controls.
Here, we report direct reprogramming of rat neural precursor (NP) cells and rat embryonic fibroblasts (REF) into iPS cells by retroviral transduction using either three (Oct3/4, Sox2, and Klf4), four (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc), or five (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog) genes.
Rat neural precursor cell line RG3.6 was kindly provided by Dr. Martin Grumet [ 19].
Paradoxically, lithium recovers, rather than directly increases, the proliferation of ADP rat neural precursor cells from dexamethasone-mediated inhibition [ 17].
This project is investigating the migration and effects of rat neural precursor cells on ischaemic brain lesions using an improved method for labelling these cells in vivo using an iron based marker.
For these experiments we used human 293T cells, which are derived from embryonic kidney, RN33B, which are immortalized rat neural precursor cells, and K562, which are human erythroid progenitor cells.
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Similarly, lithium significantly induced cell number increase in mouse and rat primary neural precursor cell cultures.
In this study, we sought to establish an efficient procedure to generate iPS cells from two different rat tissues, neural precursors (NPs) and rat embryonic fibroblast (REF), by introducing total extracts from ESCs and/or retroviral transduction of defined transcription factors.
To confirm the neurite phenotype observed in NSC-34 cells, we transfected the constructs into the rat forebrain neural precursors and then differentiated them into neurons.
Differentiation of glial cells in the peripheral nervous system and from cultured rat neural crest stem cells or glial precursors can be promoted by ß forms of neuregulin 1 (NRG1-β, relatod to glial growth factor) (3, 11, 52, 53).
Furthermore, sAPPα has recently been shown to not only direct human embryonic stem cells into neuronal precursor cells [ 10, 11], but to increase proliferation of neural precursor cells from the rat hippocampus in vitro, and promote their proliferation in the mouse hippocampus in vivo[ 12].
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