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This is not to deny the usefulness of the widespread mouse or rat models, but species-specific peculiarities must be assessed across a broader range of species.
Blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) with systemic antagonists attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) pain behaviour in rat models, but on-target-mediated hyperthermia has halted clinical trials.
These results show that IL-1 is both sufficient and necessary for the induction of cachexia in rat models, but the role of IL-1 in human cachexia remains unclear.
In fact, the nonclinical clinical translation of results has been a limiting factor in β-cell research in general e.g., the GLP1 agonist exenatide was shown to cause β-cell regeneration in vitro and in rat models but was recently shown to not cause any β-cell regeneration in humans.
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21%, i. e. 36 of the tested genes, were regulated in all 3 human skin explant samples in accordance with the rat model, but this regulation varied depending on the GVHR grade and the time course of the skin explant assay.
Changes in the distribution of the IP3R subtypes and SERCA subtypes were dependent on the rat model, but fully supported the immunoblot results of overall decreased amounts.
Tumor suppression by the transfected flap was successfully demonstrated in a rat model, but genetic modification will likely hamper its clinical application because of concerns regarding biological safety.
Furthermore, all three genes could be directly related to neurophysiological features of cognitive decline found not only in this rat model but also in humans.
On the other hand, expression of mutated PKD2 augmented proliferation only in the primary tubular epithelial cells of a rat model but this was independent of the STAT-1/p21 pathway.
HFS of the vmPFC has not only been demonstrated for memory enhancement in the middle-aged memory deficit rat model, but also induced profound antidepressant-like behaviors in the experimental animal studies (Lim et al., 2015a; 2015a).
A study demonstrated that water extract of EX (equivalent to 4.10 g crude drug/kg/day, 8 weeks) had hypolipidemic effects in a menopausal rat model but this was not observed in ethyl acetate (0.11 g/kg), n-butanol (0.470 g/kg), and the aqueous remaining fractions (2.34 g/kg) of the water extracts [ 154].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com