There are 14, 9, and 109 natural products with anti-aging activity reported only in mice or rat, fruit fly, and C. elegans, respectively, while 14 compounds present anti-aging activities in other aging models, such as mammalian cells and S. cerevisiae.
Recently a new database named COMPARTMENTS was developed for seven model organisms including yeast, Arabidopsis, human, mouse, rat, fruit fly and Caenorhabditis elegans (http://compartments.jensenlab.org) (43).
Sin1 genomic sequences from human, mouse, rat, fruit fly, mosquito, C. elegans, S. pombe, and S. cerevisiae, were retrieved from at NCBI Genome databases [ 18].
The complete genomic sequences of the 5' flanking region of cortactin of human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, fruit fly, and mosquito were determined using the various accession numbers of genomic DNA in Table 1.
With the completion of the genome sequencing projects of human, mouse, rat, fruit fly and nematodes, we are now in a position to ask fundamental questions in regard to how genes interact in the context of the whole organism.
We therefore categorized 47 677 modified proteins into 287 KEGG reference pathways and 38 708 GO terms across 6 species: human, mouse, rat, fruit fly, zebrafish and Baker's yeast (The procedures are shown in Supplementary Methods).
"I recall him saying, 'Bill, I don't know exactly what you guys want to do,'" Bialek said, "'but let me tell you why you should do it with fruit flies.'" Like lab rats, fruit flies are one of the most studied creatures on the planet.
Thomas Cooke, PhD, then a graduate student in genetics, had been working on tools to study "non-model organisms," plants and animals that get less attention than, say, lab rats, fruit flies, or baker's yeast – the go-tos for much of chemistry, biology, and medicine – despite the potential for yielding important scientific insights.
Both sides in the Space Race would eventually use a menagerie of animals to test the effects of weightlessness and ionising radiation from space – rabbits, mice, rats, fruit flies, turtles, quail eggs and nematode worms were just some of the species used.
Yeast genetics, earthquake prediction, rat behavior, fruit fly behavior, strength of material, educational value of certain curricula and evaluation methods, land subsidence, malaria prevalence, and the effects of monetary policy were among the chosen topics.
In a recent article published in Genome Medicine [ 3], Winston Hide and colleagues describe Pathprinting, a statistics-based approach to map gene expression to function in humans and the main animal models of disease (mouse, rat, zebrafish, fruit fly and nematode).
