In the adult rats, effects of single housing were seen as increases in levels of the hypothalamus and hippocampus (Fig. 2 A, C).
As discussed, chronic administration of corticosterone in rats effects behavioral and neurobiological alterations that mirror several of the core symptoms and neurobiological changes that are associated with psychiatric illnesses.
In a chronic inhalation study in mice and rats, effects were observed at all exposure levels (0, 2.0, 5.6, and 14.3 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 24 months): rhinitis, epithelial dysplasia, and squamous metaplasia (Kerns et al. 1983).
Our results showed that administration of CCl4 depleted the levels of thyroid hormones (i.e., secretion of T3 and T4) and elevated the TSH level in the serum of rats, effects that were reversed by SAME administration.
This effect may be mediated, in part, in male, but not in female rat, by effects of exercise on early pharmacokinetic contributions.
For our comparison, we examined four conditions: status quo (i.e., current bycatch and rat predation effects), eliminating rats, eliminating bycatch, or eliminating both rats and bycatch.
In the rat, these effects are reversed by cross-fostering, demonstrating that they are defined by epigenetic rather than genetic processes.
In rat, the effects of precisely defined activity patterns have been studied by implanting electrodes.
P14 rat excitotoxic effects were more precocious than in adult rats, but the recovery was delayed relative to adults.
