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We have generated extensive physiological, genetic and genome-wide gene expression profiles in a congenic strain of the spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat containing a large region (110 cM, 170 Mb) of rat chromosome 1 (RNO1), which covers diabetes and obesity quantitative trait loci (QTL), introgressed onto the genetic background of the normoglycaemic Brown Norway (BN) strain.
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Liver microsomes of the rat contain a group of hydroxylating enzymes which are coupled to a greater or lesser degree to the electron flow system.
The human BLAST did not reveal further CpG dinucleotides, although the rat contains a similar quantity of CpGs to the mouse.
In fact it has been shown that the D domain of Wind of Drosophila, encoded by a gene ortholog of ERp29 of rat, contains a binding site for its substrate [ 86].
It must be considered that the normal SM in the rat contains a number of resident macrophages [ 27] that, once activated, could be responsible for the early production of monokines in AIA; these monokines may initiate the inflammatory response and promote further cell immigration [ 28].
One prior study by Mistlberger et al. showed that genetically obese Zucker rats (containing a point mutation that inactivated the leptin receptor [37], [38], [39]) had enhanced FAA when kept on 22 days of RF with a 3 hr RF window [29].
Kidneys from control Fisher and Lewis rats contained a similar amount of TG2 protein and ε γ-glutamyl -lysine cross-link in the tubulointerstitium.
Four soleus and four EDL muscle cross-sections from 4 different rats contained a range of 1000 to 1600 measurable muscle fibers for FCSA.
A limitation of the models is that founder rats contained a finite population of genes such that not all combinations of genes that underlie low and high endurance capacity phenotypes will be represented.
This lower response was not secondary to a decrease in the storage of the hormone, since the islets from CHD rats contained a higher concentration of insulin than did those from the SD group.
Both sets of rats contained a control and a stressed group, resulting in four experimental groups: (i) control rats on a normal light cycle; (ii) stressed rats on a normal light cycle; (iii) control rats on an inverse light cycle; and (iv) stressed rats on an inverse light cycle.
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