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Takahashi and Saitou (2012) previously compared CNSs of primates (human and marmoset) and rodents (mouse and rat) and found various differences on CNSs and their flanking protein-coding genes.
Assis and Kondrashov studied the evolution of piRNA clusters between mouse and rat and found a very high rate of piRNA cluster duplication, which they suggested is indicative of positive selection for higher expression level of piRNAs [ 37].
Lee et al. [ 16] also examined the transport of estradiol-17β-glucuronide and 2,4,-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione in the Mrp2 deficient Eisai rat and found no effect on clearance from the CSF.
Recently, we reported the healing effects of ethanolic extract of dried fruit pulp of MS (MSE) on acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in normal (NR) rat and found the role of cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and growth factor, TGF-α in healing ulcer [ 15].
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They also measured the electrical response across neurons in brains of live rats and found that the response was weaker.
He said he transplanted the rat nerve cells to the brains and spinal cords of rats and found that they survived, for months so far.
Diamond placed a cat outside a cage of rats, and found that rats raised in this condition did worse on rat-friendly cognitive tests — running complicated mazes and the like — than did rats kept away from the sight of cats.
In the rat studies, the researchers injected a cannabinoid-blocking drug into the intestines of the rats and found that they lost interest in the fatty food.
Meaney's team dissected adult rats and found that licking led to differences in brain anatomy, so that rats that had been licked more were better able to control stress responses.
Finally, they transplanted the re-programmed neurons and astrocytes into the brains of newborn rats, and found that the cells had survived when they examined the brains a month later, but it remains to be seen if they can survive for longer, and if they integrate into the existing circuits to be become functional.
To test that hypothesis, Yanagisawa's team injected the peptides into the brains of rats and found that they boosted the rats' appetite three- to sixfold.
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