Taken together these observations suggest that flux through the pyruvate pool in HL-60, K562 and KG1a cells is rapidly maintaining a low steady-state concentration and that only in the presence of this sustained flux can the ROS-dependent conversion to a more stable acetate pool be detected.
It has often been speculated that bacterial protein-tyrosine kinases (BY-kinases) evolve rapidly and maintain relaxed substrate specificity to quickly adopt new substrates when evolutionary pressure in that direction arises.
During rapid and intense contraction, phosphagen can be utilized to rebuild ATP rapidly and maintain its level as long as the phosphagen lasts, which in a maximally working human muscle is just a few seconds.
Avinza™ (morphine sulfate extended-release [MSER, Morphelan™]) is a new, once-a-day, extended-release morphine formulation designed to reach target concentrations rapidly and maintain concentrations throughout a 24-hour period.
Third, some proteins probably evolved too rapidly to maintain homologues and intermediate sequences.
The air in the chamber was stirred rapidly to maintain a high boundary layer conductance for CO2 diffusion.
Women randomly assigned to receive a low glycemic index diet were able to lower the glycemic index of their diet rapidly and maintain this lower level for the duration of pregnancy.
In an ideal cryopreservation process, water transports out of cells rapidly to maintain equal salt concentration between extracellular and intracellular media, ice formation occurs externally to the cells, and internal cell damage is prevented [ 19, 46, 50, 51].
However, previous clinical studies showed an insufficient antitumor activity of MEK inhibitors [ 39], suggesting that the MEK/ERK phosphorylation pathway is resilient to diminution of the activity of MEK and can adapt rapidly to maintain nearly normal ERK activation [ 39].
It may therefore be possible that this is an important mechanism by which the liver can, upon early signs of damage, act rapidly to maintain its own energy equilibrium, thereby avoiding global disruption of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis.
