It has been shown that laboratory adaptation of a duck H9N2 virus (A/Duck/Hong Kong/702/79) through serial lung passages in quail and chickens generated variant viruses that produced a large-plaque phenotype, showed rapid replication kinetics in tissue culture, and gained the ability to replicate efficiently in mice [47].
In fact, because of its high mutation rate and rapid replication rate, HIV evolves remarkably quickly.
There have been challenges (i.e. difficulty for rapid replication, engaging all land users in the watershed, implementation costs, etc).
Finally, rapid replication of very large genomes would have been possible through tight coordination of the leading and lagging strands (i.e., DNA topoisomerases).
Koyiaki was one of the first group ranches to experiment with tourism revenue dispersal initiatives in the 1990s (Thompson and Homewood 2002) and also saw the emergence and rapid replication of conservancies from 20061 (Bedelian 2014).
As the most frequently exploited recombinant expression system, E. coli BL21 (DE3) has the obvious advantage of rapid replication, time-saving operation, inexpensive cost, and mature and easy genetic manipulations (Sahdev et al., 2008).
G-code can be compiled to automatically step out a full wafer of pattern for rapid replication or scaling of the original stamp pattern (an example of which may be found in the Additional file 1).
The precision injection nanomolding process has been widely accepted as one of the rapid replication methods to transfer nanostructures and is considered a major mass production technique for a wide range of commercial products [13].
In this paper a styrene ethylene/butylene)–styrene block co-polymer (SEBS) microstructured by a rapid replication technique using low pressure an isothermal hot embossing approach has been demonstrated.
The technology and associated socio-economic management of the units have matured over the years, generating promise for rapid replication in other severely arsenic-affected countries in Southeast Asia.
The rapid replication of HIV-1 and the errors made during viral replication cause the virus to evolve rapidly in patients, making the problems of vaccine development and drug therapy particularly challenging.
