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Of the seven subjects with a very rapid metabolizer phenotype of CYP2A6, six were women.
PM, poor metabolizer; IM, wild type/variant type; Wt/Wt, wild type/wild type; UM, ultra rapid metabolizer.
NR, not relevant; EM, extensive metabolizer; IM, intermediate metabolizer; PM, poor metabolizer; UM, ultra rapid metabolizer; CR, complete response; PR, partial response; NC, no change; PD, progressive disease.
Both subjects had CYP2C19 genotypes indicative of a rapid metabolizer phenotype, i.e. high enzymatic activity, and their CYP2C9 genotypes were predictive of normal activity (Table 2).
CYP2D6 genotyping found CYP2D6 gene duplication in subject 1 (patient), consistent with an ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype, while variant alleles identified in subject 2 (mother) predicted a rapid metabolizer phenotype (Table 2).
Pharmacokinetically related genes are obvious candidates, since the exposure to a particular statin is much higher for a patient who is a poor metabolizer for a certain cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzyme, compared to an intermediate, extensive or rapid metabolizer.
Similar(54)
It was found that a small percentage of the population are "rapid metabolizers" of codeine.
These "rapid metabolizers" convert codeine into a high-dose form of morphine, leading to respiratory depression and a blocked airway, especially in the hours or days after airway surgery such as tonsillectomy.
Indeed, the results of one of these studies indicated that rapid metabolizers have a significantly increased risk [ 84].
The situation is reversed for medications (prodrugs) that require enzymatic activation; poor metabolizers are unable to produce substantial quantities of bioactive drugs and rapid metabolizers produce too much.
Rodents are rapid metabolizers of drugs compared to humans, and so the half-life of a drug tends to be shorter in rodents.
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