The direct uptake of insulin has been attributed to specific insulin receptors in intestinal enterocytes and rapid internalization of the nanoparticles by the epithelial cells [23, 40, 41].
Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence studies showed that the chimeric antibodies were expressed on the cell surface and can undergo rapid internalization.
Furthermore, far-red fluorescent NAs we reported recently also demonstrated rapid internalization, and 5-ALA-SQ fluorescence kinetic experiments and the dose-response curves corroborate single-molecule building block internalization and efficient subsequent metabolism to yield fluorescent PpIX.
Among these applications, the field of drug delivery by NPs with specific and rapid internalization into a target cell has immense promise (Maeda et al. 2009; Faraji and Wipf 2009).
Using 293 cells stably expressing APJ-GFP, we demonstrated that rapid internalization of the APJ receptor was induced by stimulation with Apelin-36 and Apelin-13, in a dose-dependent manner.
Observation by confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that interaction between MB and target cells resulted in a rapid internalization in cellular compartments and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm.
Here we identified two small proteins, miniature protein 5.3 and zinc finger module ZF5.3, that enter cells to reach the cytosol through rapid internalization and escape from Rab5+ endosomes.
Throughout the last decade, CD22 has been served as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of B-cell malignancies due to its restricted expression on B-cells and also its rapid internalization upon binding to its ligands or antibody (Teo et al. 2016; Tu et al. 2011).
Among these applications, the field of drug delivery by nanoparticles with specific and rapid internalization into a target cell has immense promise (Maeda et al. 2009; Faraji and Wipf 2009; Singh and Lillard 2009; Breunig et al. 2008; Brannon-Peppas and Blanchester 2004).
Rapid internalization of fluorescently labeled fasciculin-2 to N-AChE-S transfected cells indicated membranal localization.
Conversely, stimulation with AMPA induces a rapid internalization of surface AMPARs [7], [8].
