Do all revolutions have the same structure and function, or are there diverse forms of rupture, discontinuity, or rapid change in science?
Major advantages of the techniques are presented illustrating how terrestrial remote sensing techniques provide rapid spatial measurements of discontinuity location, orientation and curvature and are well suited to the quantification of persistence magnitudes greater than 3 m.
Based on the epicentral distribution (Fig. 5) and the depth cross-sections (Fig. 6), we constructed iso-depth contours for the upper surface of the seismic plane, as shown in Fig. 7. Since the depths of subduction earthquakes change smoothly in space, we could draw the iso-depth contours smoothly without discontinuities or rapid changes in strike and dip of the surface.
Saritas and Smith define discontinuities as "rapid and significant shifts in trajectories without the aspect of being mostly unanticipated or deeply surprising" which "[extend] beyond single events" and "fundamentally [alter] the previous pathways or expected direction of policies, events and planning regimes" [66].
Splines (regression splines, polynomial splines, B-spline) are typically chosen to represent noncyclical nonperiodic data [ 25, 51, 84], and wavelet bases are chosen to represent data displaying discontinuities and/or rapid changes in behavior [ 117, 118].
There are definitive signs of impending rupture (an aneurysm size increase especially with a rapid enlargement rate, focal wall discontinuity, hyper-attenuating crescent sign, thrombus fissuration, draped aorta sign or periaortic stranding); unfortunately these signs are often not highly specific [29, 30] (Fig. 8) but detection of these findings advocates urgent treatment.
There is, however, no reason to define discontinuities as exclusively rapid shifts – they can as well be gradual, long-term and deep change processes.
The fires generated strongly hydrophobic soil layers that did not promote runoff erosion because the continuity of the layers was interrupted by pervasive discontinuities that facilitated rapid infiltration.
In all patients in whom such adverse events occurred, the discontinuity of treatment caused the rapid resolution of the event.
These discontinuities allowed inflow of groundwater which resulted in rapid weathering of the rocks.
As a result, patients experience rapid shifts in the way they view themselves and others, discontinuities and shifts of roles, and a sense of inner emptiness.
