Sentence examples for ranges of electrons from inspiring English sources

Many formulas and tables are available for stopping powers and for ranges of electrons as well as of heavy particles over a wide range of energies.

This improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the S-WPIA because the frequency variation changes the energy and pitch angle ranges of electrons, satisfying the cyclotron resonance condition.

The surveys were conducted in various ranges of electron energies including the overall binding energy survey (0 to 1,000 eV) besides individual spectra for Si 2p (95.0 to 110.0 eV), C 1 s (282.0 to 287.0 eV) and O 1 s (520 to 550 eV) which were monitored more accurately in a discrete number of scans.

As we know, the electronic conductivity of carbon structures comes from enlarged moving range of electrons through sp2 conjugated bonds, which decrease the system energy level and result in the effect of the electron mobility increasing significantly [17 20].

The range of electrons (beta particles) is measured differently because radiated electrons are deflected into erratic paths by the electrons in the atoms of the absorbing medium.

The range of electrons may be taken as the greatest distance of penetration in a given direction, or the minimum thickness of the medium required to stop all electrons.

The full suite of instruments aboard the ERG observes a wide range of electrons.

And at the anthracite stage, the macromolecular aromatic laminar structure increased rapidly and intramolecular π orbits overlapped, the activity range of electrons enlarged, and free electrons increased thus rapidly increasing the permittivity.

The time increases as the step up voltage, as expected, since higher step up voltages, results in the recapture of a wider energy range of electrons, whereas lower step up voltages result in capturing only the electrons of energies less than the range corresponding to the lower voltage.

Also taking the ratio of relative fluorescence intensity loss R loss ≈ 0.7 (see Fig. 6) into account, we were able to estimate the interaction range of electrons or ROS with fluorophores, equal to the low-density plasma radius: where C is the ratio between Hoechst and GFP molecules in the nucleus.

The phenomenon of the band gap occurs when two adjacent allowed bands are not wide enough to span the full range of electron energy levels.