Shi et al. (2005) proposed a drift-flux model of water/gas and oil/water two-phase flow in wellbores ranging from vertical to near-horizontal.
To test the animals' bridging skills, the team set the snakes on perches in front of various obstacles ranging from vertical ascents and short drops, to horizontal gaps and sharp turns.
On the other side, cosmic ray muons are also generated from cosmic rays in the atmosphere and arrive at angles ranging from vertical to horizontal (Thompson and Whalley, 1975) with a smaller number of neutrino-induced muons directed upward.
Subtracting the measured range from the vertical position retrieved by the onboard Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, we can determine the water level (orthometric height).
Analysis ranging from simple vertical accuracy assessment to hydrological simulation of the studied Maithon catchment, using empirical USLE model and semidistributed, physical SWAT model, were carried out.
They arrive at angles ranging from the vertical to the horizontal (Gaisser and Stanev, 1998), with an integral intensity of 70 m−2 s−1 sr−1 at sea level; only an extremely small number of neutrino-induced muons are directed upwards.
They range from a vertical "burial" of the body by rapid lateral oscillations, as in Phrynocephalus and Phrynosoma, to the so-called "shimmy" burial of Uma, Callisaurus and Cophosaurus.
The photos captured from above are used to make sure that the ants are standing up vertically with an angle range of ±20° from vertical, since a change in the orientation of 20° would decrease the force pulling an ant to the back, due to gravity, by only ±6%%.
The vertical axis ranges from θmin (= 0.28) to θmax (= 0.52).
The vertical resolution ranges from 7 to 10 km in the stratosphere and increases gradually to approximately 15 18 km at an altitude of 60 km.
