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The electronic and nuclear energy losses and projected range were calculated using the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter software.
For all continuous variables, mean values (and SD) and range were calculated using the SPSS software package (SPSS 12.0 Inc, Chicago, IL USA); for dichotomic variables, frequencies were reported.
The mean reduction, SD, and range were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2003 software.
The lower and the upper bound of the range were calculated using Equations (6) and (7) and shown as dashed lines in Figure 2C.
Similar(56)
The probability of a nanocrystal nearest-neighbor distance within a limited range is calculated using the stoichiometry of the as-deposited film and the crystallinity of the annealed film as input parameters.
Here the compliance of the line-spring for the mode loaded statically in the nonlinear range is calculated using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) in an iterative nonlinear analysis and the compliance depends nonlinearly on the load across the crack plane.
The low-velocity range is calculated using Eq. (5).
The average daily risk range is calculated using 2 4 weeks of self-monitoring data, but requires a glycaemic monitoring frequency of at least three measurements per day.
(Wampole Laboratories , Inc Dist. Princeton, NJ) Ranges were calculated using JMP 5.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
To understand population structure and to examine isolation by distance, average genetic distances between and within groups of broad geographical ranges were calculated using the Kimura-2-parameter model in Mega 3.1 [51].
Descriptive statistics (arithmetic means, averages, and ranges) were calculated using standard formulas.
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