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The result is a mosaic of widespread and restricted species ranges shaped by both dispersal and vicariance events.
Global cyclic fluctuations from the Pliocene and through the Quaternary have resulted in periodic habitat expansions and contractions of species ranges, shaping the species distributions and their genetic patterns [ 9- 11].
The snow-rich area is unique in that winter monsoons blowing southward from the Japan Sea and high mountain ranges shaping the Japanese Archipelago bring enormous snowfalls in winter [ 24, 25].
An identical method is used in [34] to understand the relationship between home range shapes on the angle and distance of successive moves.
The EP2 method is designed particularly for estimating widely ranged shape parameters that characterizes the Gaussian family densities, including sub- and super-Gaussian densities.
The films have shown the same type of surface morphology (grains with mountain-range shape, aligned in parallel chains to the [0 0 1] substrate's azimuth).
These biases suggest that characteristics of particular source habitats within native ranges might shape the evolution of invasive populations.
In South Asia, social policy covers a range of policy areas, shaped by history, institutions and cultures.
Invasive species provide natural experiments to understand how reaction norms may be shaped during range expansion.
The basidioles are 15 28 by 3.0 8.0 µm, and range in shape from club-shaped to cylindrical to fusoid (fuse-like).
The cap ranges from 3-12 cm in diameter, and depending on its age, can range in shape from bell-shaped to rounded to somewhat flattened.
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