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Using range reduction as a proxy for population loss, the study finds more than 30percentt of vertebrate species are declining in population size and range.
Copper surfaces demonstrated a median (range) reduction of microbial contamination of <1 log10 (<1 to 2 log10).
A global optimization method employing linearization, outer approximation and range reduction techniques is developed to solve the formulated model.
While such range reduction is typically done prior to optimization, this study examined strategies for contracting parameter bounds during optimization.
Although the power penalty is small when the timing misalignment is small, enhancing the monitoring sensitivity is desirable while simultaneously avoiding monitor range reduction.
Revised GBD and NGBD frameworks are proposed to incorporate bound contraction operations or/and range reduction calculations, which can reduce the variable bounds and therefore improve the convergence rate and expedite the solution of nonconvex subproblems.
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Some of these species would experience such profound range reductions that they would go extinct (the Turnover phase of her hypothesis).
A recent study of two California oak species projected significant range reductions for both species [7].
However, our projections also identify regions where species undergoing severe range reductions may persist.
For example, in California, 66% of the endemic plant taxa will experience >80% range reductions within a century [14].
For example, over two-thirds of the endemic plant taxa of California may experience >80% range reductions within a century [19].
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