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The outcome for end range pain in the cervical and lumbar spine showed inconsistent results.
A standardised examination protocol was used to test inter-rater reliability including tests for scoliosis, hypermobility, general mobility, inter-segmental mobility and end range pain in the spine.
Kappa ≥ 0.40 was seen for elbow, thumb, fifth finger and trunk/hip flexion hypermobility, pain response in inter-segmental mobility and end range pain in lumbar flexion and extension.
The median (range) pain intensity at baseline was 8 (4–9) [mean (sd): 7.5 (1.7)] and it was 7 (0–9) [mean (sd): 5.8 (2.6)] at 12 weeks from the capsaicin patch treatment.
Acceptable reliability was found for Beighton index score for hypermobility, inter-segmental mobility with pain response and lumbar end range pain in flexion and extension and we believe these tests can be performed reliably by clinicians with relevant experience.
The presence of end range pain in internal rotation and flexion with a secondary restriction of abduction is a commonly reported capsular pattern of restriction for the hip joint [ 26].
Similar(50)
Table 3 Reliability (Cohen's Kappa values) of DC/TMD diagnoses compared to the reference standard examiner Course Self Self + course Diagnosis Median Range Median Range Median Range Pain-related TMD and headache Myalgia 0.91 (0.88 - 1.00) 0.65 (0.50 - 0.75) 1.00 (0.82 - 1.00) Local myalgia 0.84 (0.71 - 1.00) n.a.a
In our sample the range of pain experienced was from nil pain to up to the maximum score.
Based on a systematic literature search, 4 instruments were identified that assess a range of pain coping strategies and one questionnaire focusing on pain-related cognitions.
Self-reported procedure related median [interquartile range] pain scores (using a 10-point visual numerical rating scale VNRS; low score more pain) were 6 [5-9] vs. 8 [7-9] P = 0.03 in favor of gel.
The devices include the Precision Plus spinal cord stimulators and a microstimulator being developed under the Bion name that may have a broad range of pain control applications.
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