It has been introduced in Eurocode 5 for a large range of timber members, including columns under compression and members under tension.
Dry Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests offer a wide range of timber and non-timber values, which may benefit from a balanced timber harvest by variable retention systems with conservation of biodiversity.
Once paper and paperboard production has been started, a large number of conversion industries can emerge, such as the manufacture of paper bags, stationery, boxes and cartons, wooden containers, furniture and a wide range of timber products.
In India, for example, although the commons are often officially designated "wastelands", rural households depend on them for fodder, fuel, water, medicinal plants and a range of non-timber forest products.
About 300 million poor rural people in India depend on forests for at least part of their subsistence and cash livelihoods, which they earn from fuelwood, fodder, sal leaves, and a range of non-timber forest products, such as fruits, flowers, and medicinal plants.
The different detail set-ups are selected to represent a wide range of sawn timber dimension details of non-treated Norway spruce.
We estimated financial returns in 2005, 2008, and 2011 for a range of global timber plantation species and countries, using net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and Land Expectation Value (LEV --or the Faustmann FormuLEV --orriteria.
The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (RPA) broadened the mandate of the Forest Survey to include monitoring of a range of non-timber resources (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1992).
This paper investigates the regeneration success of a range of well/lesser-known timber species in a tierra-firme forest concession in Peru.
Present-day demands on rivers as power sources range from the floating of timber, through the use of water for cooling, to hydroelectric generation.
The performance of nonlinear static procedures are compared against the nonlinear time-history analyses of three low-rise building models with various levels of stiffness eccentricity, type of failure mechanisms of piers (rocking or shear), and a range of diaphragm stiffness representing timber floor and roof systems.
