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These results demonstrate that the low-rank decoding framework presented in this section can also be applied to stimuli encoded with a wide range of spike generators, including the biophysically realistic conductance-based models.
(A ) GCaMP3 covers a wide dynamic range of spike bursts but fails to reliably capture burst sizes <3 APs.
RNA solutions were adjusted at a concentration of 3 μg/μl corresponding to 106 spike copies/cell/μl (cpc/μl), and were mixed to prepare seven 10× test samples, each containing a full range of spike RNAs at concentration ranging from 1 to 105 cpc [see Additional file 1].
Each number of sample aliquots was analyzed three to five times DS double spike, SSB sample standard bracketing A number of analyses were performed to ascertain that the DS technique could be used for accurate determination of Zn isotope compositions over a sensibly large range of spike sample ratios (Fig. 3).
On top of the fluctuating current we added a sequence of EPSC-shaped currents (sEPSC) with a fixed time course (see Sect. 2, Fig. 1) and varied their peak amplitude (the range of spike output rates in these experiments was 8 20 spikes/s).
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Numerical methods, adapted from Galer [ 28], were used to identify spike compositions that provide near-optimal (~90o) intersection angles between the mass fractionation vectors of spiked and unspiked samples, as well as minimal error magnification factors over a wide range of spike-sample ratios.
It thus becomes apparent that there is a necessary dynamic mechanism required to yield a specific range of spiking under variation of synaptic inhibition time-scale.
Granule cells do also exhibit place field firing, with short, high-frequent spike episodes inside a place field and episodes of low firing outside, but the published data on mean values and ranges of spike frequencies as well as inter-spike interval distributions vary significantly between studies and behavioral conditions.
While this need not accurately reflect spike rates in our experimental system, it falls well within the range of spontaneous spike rates previously observed in CA1 cells, and was un-changed between early and late trials in the session.
This is similar to the range of Ca2+ spike frequencies that we observed in the initial period after injection in our previous and current experiments involving microinjecting PLCζ cRNA (11).
With all other parameters remaining at default values, the methods of Rudge et al. [ 29] indicate that the optimal composition of a Zn Zn DS is Zn/Zn = 4.88, which differs from the composition chosen for this study (Zn/Zn ≈ 2.51); however, the effect on error propagation and the range of optimal spike sample ratios is small (Fig. 1).
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