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The food waste was mixed with bacteria and fermented to produce succinic acid, a substance usually made from petrochemicals, that can be found in a range of fibres, fabrics and plastics.
Studies of a range of fibres have shown systematic changes in chemical shifts, which can be related to the influences of physical processing or chemical modification.
As shown by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the average particle width of untreated bagasse was ~250 – 500 μm while after GC pretreatment the width was reduced to ~40 – 150 μm (Additional file 2: Figure S2a), similar to, if not smaller, than the particle width range of fibres from EC pretreatment (Additional file 2: Figure S2b).
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Plants contain a wide variety of complex fibres, and microbe communities from lean guts contain a wider range of fibre-busting species than those from obese guts.
Mean values were identical throughout the range of fibre concentration found in animal feeding stuffs.
The predicted acoustical performance is validated in the no-flow case for a wide range of fibre diameters.
A design method according to allowable deflection is proposed for SFRC slabs within the range of fibre volumetric percentages used in the study.
By means of two example deformations with two different free energy densities the accuracy of the alternative method is clearly depicted over the complete range of fibre distributions.
For the practical range of fibre distributions considered, it is concluded that the strength depends mainly upon the root mean square amplitude of fibre misalignment, with the shape of the power spectral density function playing only a minor role.
For ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) this task is even more complicated than that of conventional concrete due to the potential range of fibre types and volume fractions.
The critical RVE side length is shown to be approximately four times the fibre length when considering convergence of the tensile and shear stiffnesses for the range of fibre lengths and volume fractions studied.
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