We apprehend and monitor a wide range of potentially catastrophic events that are or seem to be out of our control.
The studies summarized in Table 1 also show a fairly large variation in the impacts of illness on measures of catastrophic spending, ranging from 0% to 34% depending on the country, household survey and indicator used.
Given the fertility and mortality characteristics of the human species (excluding incidents of catastrophic mortality), the range of possible rates of natural increase is rather narrow.
Results were similar using the alternate definitions of catastrophic medical spending (difference ranging from 1.6% [medical spending ≥40% of total spending; P = 0.016] to 5.2% [medical spending ≥10% of total spending; P = 0.013]) (Supplementary Table 4).
The structural integrity and impact resistance of composite structures used in a wide range of applications can be dramatically debilitated because of catastrophic events.
The incidence of catastrophic medical expenses in the literature range from 4%to20%0% [ 3, 4, 11], and we supposed π ranged from 4%to25%5%.
As the program proceeds beyond the experimental stage, United Parcel plans to start offering about 6,000 nonunion early retirees and their spouses a range of options, including a safety-net catastrophic coverage policy, said Al Rapp, United Parcel's corporate health manager.
Transition of fracture mode from transgranular ductile fracture to cleavage-dominated fracture occurs beyond a critical stress intensity factor range of approximately 21MPa√m, leading to the catastrophic failure under ultrasonic fatigue.
