We have studied range fluctuations by analyzing four-dimensional computed tomography data and quantitatively assessing potential beam overshoot.
For example, gamma range fluctuations have been shown to facilitate the generation of more precisely-timed spikes and induce higher variability in interspike intervals (ISIs) [3].
It also addresses some of the needs, such as using refined modeling tools with a specific treatment taking into account the long range fluctuations in the density (or composition for the case of mixtures) as one approaches the critical point to accurately design the process in this region.
There was no difference in range fluctuations for species in different movement categories (p = 0.4612) It is therefore the wide-ranging, ubiquitous and arid species that have the most marked difference between climate and weather area predictions, the weather models predicting less area, and the least fluctuation across months.
These isolated populations may have originated by ancient vicariant events or through range fluctuations.
In particular, climate-driven range fluctuations during the Pleistocene have continuously reshaped genetic structure within species.
This causes large fluctuations to occur at rates that are not readily comparable to the heart or respiration rates full range fluctuations have been noted to occur as quickly as 40-90 Hz [ 46], or as slow as 0.1 Hz [ 45].
Glaciations of the Pleistocene have caused range fluctuations of species and may have brought previously isolated species together, thereby increasing frequencies of secondary contact hybridization and polyploidization (Hewitt, 1996, 2004).
As both scenarios represent snapshots of potential past range fluctuations assuming different environmental conditions, it may be reasonable to use an intersection of the predicted potential distributions as consensus, acknowledging the uncertainty of the predictions within extrapolation areas.
For all 3 countries we found extensive annual and longer range fluctuations and shifts in distribution of patient ages, suggesting major variations in the complex interplay of factors influencing risk for exposure to TBE virus.
This complex glacial history and associated range dynamics and steep environmental gradients in the Sierra Nevada and the adjacent Great Basin provide a natural laboratory to examine species histories including the combined effects of range fluctuations, oscillations between isolation and introgression, and adaptive divergence across environmental gradients (e.g., [ 25, 26]).
