On the other hand, the influence network is going to change (non-strategically) every period due to the randomness assumed in the linking process.
In this approach, although the used spreading sequences contain no randomness, the authors introduce randomness by assuming that each of the sequences can be assigned with a probability to the first user, each of the remaining sequences can be assigned with a probability, and so on.
Assuming randomness for an ordinary Stag Hunt, however, only the risk dominant equilibrium evolves: only defection is stochastically stable (Young 1993).
Due to the assumed randomness of two maps σ and σ ′, the corresponding sets σ(P) and σ ′(P ′) are random and, based on the definition of the hyper-geometric distribution, the probability that with these sets Eq. 2 is fulfilled is equal to 1-{rhochoose|mathbf{P}|}^{-1}sum_{j=0}^{omega_{0}-1}{|mathbf{P}'|choose j}{rho-|mathbf{P}'|choose |mathbf{P}|-j} text (3).
If we assume randomness (drift) we have equal probabilities to receive any of those six possibilities.
Previously considered metrics have, however, implicitly assumed randomness of the distribution of hubs [ 3, 24, 25].
The first method is based on entropy and is used to measure the uncertainty or randomness in a given dataset, assuming the level of uncertainty of a malicious file should be less than that of a benign file with a similar format.
Randomness is introduced into the system by assuming that the natural frequency spacings in each subsystem conform to certain statistical distributions.
The effect of randomness caused by fading is incorporated into the analysis by assuming the transmission range R to be a random variable with CDF F R (a).
Now, we consider the randomness of symbol and assume that M-PSK is used for modulation scheme.
