The randomized play-the-winner (RPW) rule is very useful in clinical trials for patient allocation with two treatments.
This paper develops a unified method to compute the exact statistical power for a general class of response adaptive designs including the randomized play-the-winner design, the drop-the-loser design, and the doubly biased coin design.
*Bartlett et al [ 80] used a special randomized play-the-winner statistical method; the chance of randomly assigning an infant to one treatment or the other is influenced by the outcome of treatment of each patient in the study.
The RAR procedures investigated in the present study are randomized play-the-winner (RPW) [ 8, 10], drop-the-loser (DL) [ 28], sequential maximum likelihood estimation (SMLE) [ 12], doubly-adaptive biased coin [ 2, 3], sequential estimation-adjusted urn (SEU) [ 13], and generalized drop-the-loser (GDL) [ 11] designs.
At the limiting allocation ratio of drop-the-loser (DL) and randomized play-the-winner (RPW) urn, DL outperforms all other methods including GDL.
It should be taken into account that FSGS is a rather uncommon disease and the suggestion that both well-conducted observational studies and randomized controlled trials play a complementary and valuable role in renal diseases [ 35].
Large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) play a critical role in establishing the relationship between intake of nutrients (essential/non-essential) and risk of chronic diseases; however, is the RCT design appropriate, and indeed the sole method, to understand the role of whole foods or food constituents in chronic disease prevention?
We discuss where the randomized controlled trial may still play a role and what alternatives may exist when this is not possible.
Using a randomized control trial design with playing a trivia-style game as the treatment condition, we assess the impact of serious games on effecting behavioral antecedents toward solar energy in residential energy customers, applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control).
To assess the role that treatment response plays in a randomized controlled trial of an antidepressant among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) in explaining quality of life (QOL), assessed both globally as life satisfaction and in terms of physical and mental health-related QOL.
