21 One of the explanations for this reduction, as mentioned by the authors, was the non-randomised choice of either drug-eluting stents or bare metal stents.
In a pilot, non-randomised patient-choice study, we found in 65 patients with malignant effusions that those who elected to have IPC management spent fewer days in hospital in their remaining lifespan in pleural-related as well as all-cause hospital stay compared with those treated with talc pleurodesis.
Costs: Direct costs to the hospital for device management, including costs of PIV replacement in addition to the effects of dressing choice (randomised product and any additional tape or reinforcements).
For ICON3, women were recruited between February 1995 and October 1998 and randomised 2 : 1 to a choice of the ICON2 treatments, or randomisation within the ICON2 protocol, or to paclitaxel plus carboplatin.
This is a multicentric not randomised study, and the choice of either a noncemented or a cemented prosthesis was often subjective and surgeon dependent.
These statistics are more natural choices for randomised trials because they explicitly estimate and contrast effects of interest namely, event rates in the active and placebo arms.
Table 1 outlines the research questions, interventions, and measurements in the first two feasibility trials for the randomised evaluations of accepted choices in treatment (REACT) trials that we are initiating.
Despite being the only prospective study in this review, the patients were not randomised and were given a choice whether to proceed with lengthening over a nail or with an external fixator alone.
In the context of a randomised blinded trial, the exact choice of end-point is less critical, although we favour end-points such as the change in tumour size or progression status at a fixed early time point (i.e. 8 12 weeks after randomisation).
We analysed informed choice for 1577 of 1586 randomised participants (figure).
