The initial model used in RELION1.4 refinement was a random rotational average of all the extracted sub-volumes (Bharat et al., 2015).
Each ensemble member was subjected to random rotational and translational movement, and was allowed to overlap.
The algorithm implemented on the Japanese RPM (referred to as a regular RPM) lets the RPM run with random rotational speeds and changes the velocity after two possible predefined periods (e.g., 30 or 60 s) [ 8].
There is pseudo-random rotational behaviour, with missing inspirations whenever B → D or C → D. Fig. 11 a Example of return map of type −+, b associated transition graph.
Each had randomized rotational speeds, circling around a center point.
For the first time a profound interpretation of CNF diffraction patterns is given, proving the rotational disorder of the turbostratic structure and suggesting a random rotation between successive graphene cones.
The generation of high-resolution ISAR images of ships is usually challenging due to random perturbing rotational motions in pitch, roll, and yaw [34].
In addition, hydroPSO implements the latest Standard Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm SPSO-20111), with an adaptive random topology and rotational invariance constituting the main advancements over previous PSO versions.
In brief, this random walk algorithm rotates both frames with constant rotational velocity and inverts the direction of rotation (forward or backward) at random times.
This section is aimed to generalize the results presented in Section 3 for the case that two random variables may be rotational or correlation type dependent.
Let (X 1,j,Y 1,j ) T,…,(X n,j,Y n,j ) T, j=1,…,N be independent samples of independent random vectors following the rotational dependent p-generalized elliptically contoured density f (X,Y) defined in Section 4.1., and let further T_{j}=Tleft((X_{1,j}, Y_{1,j})^{T},ldots, (X_{n,j}, Y_{n,j})^{T}right), j=1,ldots,N be a sample of i.i.d.i.d
