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Figure 7 The outage probability of different strategies of transmission under a deep fading and a random average channel gain.
Figure 8 The outage probability of different strategies of transmission under a poor fading and a random average channel gain.
As shown in Table 2, a value of 1.04 is more than three standard deviations away from the random average of 0.59 for ComboT CT-opt.
Truchon and Bayly [9] have analytically calculated the random average and obtained an exact formula, RIE = N n ∑ i = 1 n e − α r i / N 1 − e − α e α / N − 1. (4).
These statistics suggest that the 2-D and 3-D neighboring thresholds are 3.7 and 4.1 standard deviations away from the random average values, respectively [i.e., 3.7 = (0.90 − 0.42)/0.13 for 2-D similarity and 4.1 = (1.3 − 0.77)/0.13 for 3-D similarity].
The frequency of having random average r values greater or equal to the observed average r value was taken as the P value of observing the level of co-expression in the gene cluster with n genes.
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In this case, the correlation between expression signals within each cell appears to be the same as the correlation between their random averages (as formula (5) shows), both correlations being computed across subjects.
If our findings would only reflect the random averaging of thousands of neurons within each vertex, we would not expect to observe this dependence of ERRF on sound level.
Effect size allows a comparison of the magnitude of an effect, in standardized units, across many studies; in this case, we calculate an effect size (d) that is equivalent to the expression difference in units of standard deviations of a pair of Y chromosomes drawn at random, averaged across all studies.
Their work shows that the strategy of real players looks random on average but actually consists of predictable patterns that a wily opponent could exploit to gain a vital edge.
When switches between target categories are completely random, the average number of runs should be just above 20.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com