Subsequently, telomeres in these initiated cells undergo further progressive shortening, generating rampant chromosomal instability and threatening cell survival.
Oncogenesis frequently is accompanied by rampant genome instability, which fuels genetic heterogeneity and resistance to targeted cancer therapy.
Apart from the difficulty of finding suitable model organisms, such studies are complicated by the transient period of rampant genome instability driven by telomere dysfunction.
These cells continue to shorten their telomeres, resulting in entry into a phase of rampant chromosomal instability termed crisis, characterized by end-to-end chromosomal fusions.
Loss of telomere protection occurs during physiological cell senescence and ageing, due to attrition of telomeric repeats and insufficient retention of the telomere-binding factor TRF2. Subsequently formed telomere fusions trigger rampant genomic instability leading to cell death or tumorigenesis.
Today, despite vast investment in training and equipping Afghan forces, the country's deep-seated instability, rampant corruption and, in some cases, compromised loyalties endure.
Which has not been achieved since its birth, because of weak institutional set-up; political instability, rampant corruption, repetition of military dictatorship, lack of accountability, transparency and no rule of law.
The absence of end-to-end fusions in replicative senescence, in contrast to the rampant fusions, genomic instability and cell death in crisis, suggests that telomere structure provides an elegant mechanism for limiting the normal replicative life span without excessive risk of genomic instability.
And in campus conferences, continuing sales of Das Kapital, and even the words of Pope Benedict XVI (moved to praise Marx's "great analytical skill"), there is a growing appreciation for Marx's predictions of globalisation, rampant capitalism, and the instability of international finance.
