Mr. Obama did not appear to pick up on this disconnect, most likely because he wanted to emphasize the "tough" aspects of his Iran policy and not the off-ramp strategy that will inevitably involve bilateral negotiations with Iran.
For the ramp metering strategy, different versions of the ALINEA control algorithm are employed.
In recognition of the stochastic nature of freeway capacity, we propose a new chance-constrained ramp metering strategy, in which, constant capacity value is replaced by a probabilistic one that changes dynamically depending on real-time traffic conditions and acceptable probability of risk determined by traffic engineers.
Ramp metering strategies could be categorized according to their level of scope ramp metering which are local ramp metering (isolated) and system-wide (coordinated) ramp metering.
Most of the local ramp metering strategies can be categorized into four types [8]: Demand capacity control.
The function of the upper model is to design the ramp-metering strategy based on nonlinear theory.
The implications of these findings on the design of efficient ramp control strategies, as well as future research directions, are discussed.
For the dynamic ramp metering strategies, the ALINEA (Asservissement Lineaire d'Entree Autoroutiere - French for Linear Utilization for Highway Entrances) control algorithm is implemented with different fixed-time cycle lengths.
Capacity drop at active bottlenecks is one of the most puzzling traffic phenomena, but a thorough understanding of its mechanism is critical for designing variable speed limit and ramp metering strategies.
This study offers researchers and policy makers a different angle of looking at congestion externality, and the results provide an overview of the potential long term benefits that dynamic ramp metering strategies can achieve.
In this paper, we first review a localized ramp-metering strategy for freeways that achieves the goal of reducing the spatial and temporal span of traffic congestion, using locally available information.
