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To mimic crop-to-wild, pollen-mediated gene flow, we planted wild recipient switchgrass ramets at various distances away from cultivar donor ramets at two sites in Ohio.
Clonal fragments of A. nudicaulis concentrate live ramets at the edge of vegetation islands, increasing ramet density.
By spreading their flowers over multiple ramets at potentially different times, FS individuals could spread their exposure to pollinators over space and maximize mating opportunities by presenting pollen gradually (Harder and Thomson, 1989; Wilson et al., 1994).
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Among the 40 ramets taken at each site, after removal of genet (i.e., clonal) repetitions the number of ramets available in the data set ranged from 4 to 34 per meadow.
A total of 26 epiphytic taxa (23 lichen species, two mosses and one liverwort) were recorded on the aspen ramets assessed at the two sites (electronic supplementary material, table S2).
We conducted measurements at the ramet level and define ramets as individual plants or clonal fragments in the colony that are rooted and may or may not be connected to other ramets by rhizomes or rooted aerial layering stems.
Loblolly pine genotype 7-56 (origin: Williamsburg County, South Carolina, original tree is deceased) needles were provided by International Paper from a single ramet growing at their Southlands Forest near Bainbridge, Georgia.
The mean dissimilarities of all ramet pairs at a particular distance from each other were used to calculate the overall mean dissimilarity for that distance.
Only ramets in flower at the time of sampling were selected.
Temporal variation among clones, as well as spatial variation among ramets within clones growing at different sites of the orchard were recorded, for initiation and duration of male and female flowering.
Elaphoglossum ramets in mats originating at 1500 m had consistently and significantly higher survival than those originating at 1650 m or 1800 m, but there was no effect of transplant elevation on survival (Table 6, Figure 2).
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