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As early as the 1970s, attempts were made to reduce the peak fuel temperature by means of so-called "wallpaper fuel", in which the fuel is arranged in a spherical shell within a pebble: By raising particle packing fraction, fuel kernels are condensed to the outer diameter of the fuel zone, leaving a central part of the pebble free of fuel.
A particular feature of the Eastern Mediterranean is episodes of re-suspended wind blown dust from desert regions, raising particle concentrations a few times a year considerably above European guidelines [ 13].
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In this study, a new approach is proposed to create metallurgical bonding within plasma-sprayed metal alloy coatings by using shell-core-structured powder particle, which is designed by cladding spherical Ni20Cr powders with refractory Mo as alloying element to raise particle temperature significantly high enough to cause impact melting.
"Even the simple act of making toast raised particle levels far higher than expected," Vance said.
The results of the pressure drop experiment demonstrated that the metallic plates weakened dense stacks of coal particles and raised the particle interstices, and therefore lowered the gas diffusion resistance.
Salts occasionally mix with terrigenous or organic particles, raising the global proportion of marine particles to about 30%.
These machines raise subatomic particles, usually electrons or protons, to nearly the speed of light.
To raise the particles to a height of 20 kilometers, the pipe would have to withstand 4,000 to 6,000 bar, or atmospheres of pressure.
As well as embarking on trips lasting several years in cramped craft with no breakdown cover, future interplanetary explorers will need to accept that their bodies will be zapped by high-energy particles, raising their risk of contracting cancer and other ill effects of radiation.
If the target level of X2 product concentration was elevated, higher productivity could be achieved by decreasing particle size, raising the level of X2 yield, and increasing the column number in the zones containing the front and rear of X2 solute band.
By improving the flow patterns in the reactor and thereby raising the amount of particles that reach the filter, the footprint of the particle production can be reduced significantly.
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