These T cell traps could give us a handle on autoreactive T cell populations in different autoimmune diseases and be used as a read-out for the drugs that may actually raise immune tolerance in these disorders.
However, we know of no evidence to suggest that these groups differ in their genetic predisposition or ability to raise immune responses to malaria infections.
In general, BLP-based vaccines raise immune responses of a mixed Th1/Th2 nature and induce secretion of IgA at mucosal surfaces if the vaccine was administered through a mucosal route (Saluja et al. 2010).
This protocol is known to be very effective in raising an immune response22,23, but is not as practical to translate to commercialization as it uses two different platforms.
Other authors have described a high correlation between immunogenicity and in vitro expression levels of non-replicating [37], [38], [39], [40] and replicating VACV vectors [41], [42], where high protein expression is necessary for raising good immune responses.
Therefore; raising patient immune status and screening at least for those treatable parasites is important.
Indeed, raising the immune defence is considered costly for invertebrates [ 52].
Some use agents called adjuvants, which can raise the immune system's response to a vaccine.
