Studies provide mixed evidence about the benefits of these intervention constituents, which are suggested to be situation and design specific, broadly supporting their use, but highlighting concerns about the fidelity of intervention delivery, raising implementation science issues.
Even though the implementation of clinical pathways faces similar problems as the implementation of guidelines [ 21, 22], some authors [ 19, 23, 24] expect treatment pathways to raise implementation chances by adapting the guideline recommendations to local conditions and thereby referring more to physicians' work reality.
The June 2004 participatory field workshops significantly raised the implementation rate.
After consultation with registered guideline stakeholders (including manufacturers, NHS trusts, and patient groups), the guideline development group revisited the recommendation in light of issues raised regarding implementation and quality of the evidence base.
However, despite efforts to support preparedness, no universally accepted, organized method of evaluating preparedness exists, and concerns have been raised that implementation of many national strategic plans may be unrealistic (9, 10 ).
Moreover, beyond legal questions raised, successful implementation requires that evidence of potential inequities arising through the use of individual genetic information be brought to the attention of and taken into consideration by health-care professionals using the technology, and by decision makers conducting health technology assessments.
Raising implementation of recommendations is not an easy task.
And that raises complicated implementation questions, which cannot be neatly summarised into the ridiculous binary of being for or against the perpetrators of beheadings.
The design of predistortion techniques for broadband multiple input multiple output-OFDM (MIMO-OFDM) systems raises several implementation challenges.
"It raises significant implementation challenges right across Europe," said Nick Stringer, the IAB's director of regulatory affairs.
