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Any field effect is likely to raise expression in the benign cohort, making any differences in expression between benign and tumour even more significant.
Multiple gene copies are frequently found to improve protein production [ 24], even though increasing copy numbers does not necessarily raise expression due to reasons such as saturation of transcription factors or pleiotropic effects of random integrations [ 3, 25].
Depending on the molecular mechanism by which it is achieved, increased expression of sex-linked loci in the heterogametic sex may also raise expression for the same loci in the homogametic sex, moving females (of an XY species) away from the ancestrally optimum X:autosomal (X A) ratio as males move toward it (Rice 1987).
Additionally, given the gain-of-function behavior of the Malaysian allele of AFT1, it is tempting to speculate that negative regulatory control of this activator of the iron starvation response has been eliminated in Malaysian yeast to sidestep iron-sensing mechanisms and raise expression of iron transporters and scavengers as would be suitable for a constant, low-iron environment.
Similar(56)
Three of the four expressed LTR retrotransposon families showed significantly raised expression in one stage in the life cycle of C. owczarzaki; however, different families showed different expression patterns.
This change in phenotype is characterized by a raised expression of type I collagen and a decrease in type II collagen expression.
Furthermore, NADPH oxidase activity was significantly increased, with raised expression of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, p38MAPK and MnSOD, in the renal tissue of hyperoxaluric rats compared to control.
Copper-supplemented media stimulated the normal metallothionein (copper sequestration) response, raising expression to similar levels in both Syx5+/− and wild-type larvae.
Then, the raised expression of musclin could lead the hypertension to be more serious.
Eighty six genes were primarily up-regulated at 6 HPI while 132 showed raised expression at 10 DPI (not shown).
In hormone-dependent tumours, Gd has been described to have various effects through reduced expression of oncogens and raised expression of tumour suppressor genes.
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