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The combined effect of soil warming and rainfall reduction increased CO2 emission by 96.8%.
Cai, W. & Cowan, T. SAM and regional rainfall in IPCC AR4 models: Can anthropogenic forcing account for southwest Western Australian winter rainfall reduction?
In particular, litter decay rates were reduced by a 34%, 43% and 62% in the rainfall reduction (RE), warming (W), and the combination of warming and rainfall reduction (WRE) treatments, respectively, compared to the control treatment.
In contrast, the combined effect of soil warming and rainfall reduction significantly decreased CH4 emissions by an average of 58%.
A water supply system can be impacted by rainfall reduction due to climate change, thereby reducing its supply potential.
For the single factor effect, soil warming treatment increased average CH4 emissions by 28%, while rainfall reduction increased it by 30%; however, neither increase was statistically significant.
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Cai, W., Cowan, T. & Thatcher, M. Rainfall reductions over Southern Hemisphere semi-arid regions: The role of subtropical dry zone expansion.
Given that climate models project both continued rainfall reductions within the species' distributional ranges and water table decreases by up to 4 m by 2030, further population losses are expected.
If so, predictions of climate change induced rainfall reductions (see [37]) are concerning.
Predicted correlative distribution models for parthenogenetic H. binoei and biophysical predictions for the temperature limits for successful egg developments and minimal foraging activity are shown in Figure 4. Three scenarios are presented, with mean annual rainfall reductions of 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 (all with a 9°C average temperature reduction).
We repeated these correlative analyses for both parthenogenetic lineages combined, under current climatic conditions as well as under three different scenarios for the LGM a uniform 9°C decrease in average air temperature along with rainfall reductions of 25 %, 33, and 50% (Figure 4).
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