Thus, following the above equations rainfall of 6-h, 12-h and 24-h L-moments ratio for each region has shown in this study.
Solution of the Green-Ampt equation for rainfall events of varying magnitude indicated that an increase in rainfall intensity leads to more surface ponding and overland flow.
USLE and its revised version RUSLE in their original equation require rainfall intensity data (Wischmeier and Smith 1978; Bewket and Teferi 2009).
The RMC method is a simple derived distribution approach where the Rational equation links observed rainfall intensity at a reference pluviograph to the peak flood discharge.
The equation can predict rainfall intensity in Riyadh region for any return period with a given storm duration and calibrated parameters obtained from IDF curves.
The impacts of commercial forest plantations have typically been reported as streamflow reductions compared with matched control (unafforested) catchments (e.g. Scott et al. 2000 a ), but the reductions can be converted to evaporation using the water balance equation and matching rainfall data (Table 2) (Bosch and von Gadow 1990; Dye 1996 a ).
This study combined the best components of these methods by using regression kriging: in data-sparse areas the recharge is upscaled using global regression equations with gridded rainfall and surface geology as covariates, while in data-dense areas the kriging of the regression equation residuals ensures that the upscaled recharge estimates respect the point estimates of recharge.
Fig. 1 Mean annual temperature and rainfall of Yabello district in Borana, southern Ethiopia (1986 2012) (equation in red color = temperature, equation in black color = rainfall).
The flood simulation model was based on two-dimensional shallow water flow equations for open channel flow, rainfall, overland flow flooding, and river interactions.
In this equation, (P_{text{e}}) is the effective rainfall during rainy months.
The rainfall erosivity factor has been defined by following equation: R = 71.9 + 0.36X (3)where R is the average seasonal erosivity factor (metric tonnes ha−1 cm h−1 100−1), and X is the average seasonal rainfall (mm).
