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The addition of small atomic radius element Fe, which has large diffusion activation energy and small diffusion coefficient in Cu, could inhibit diffusion for a wide range of composition.
For the (V0.8/12.8Ni12/12.8 0.5Cu99.5 (at.%) film with the addition of large atomic radius element V, it showed the minimum electrical resistivity of 3.2 μΩ·cm after 500 °C/1 h annealing; after 500 °C/40 h annealing, no diffusion between Cu and Si was observed and the resistivity remained stable.
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Note that all the quantities except for XcoldNd in Eq. (15) are typical (or effective) values averaged over various grain radii, elements, and ISM phases.
Then the set of numerical radius attaining elements in is dense.
Acosta and Kim [2] showed that if is a complex Banach space with the Radon-Nikodým property, then the set of all numerical radius attaining elements in is dense.
In this paper, we show that if is a locally uniformly convex space or locally uniformly -convex, order continuous, sequence space, then the set of all numerical radius attaining elements in is dense.
This determination is confined within a 4 8 Å radius from the element and does not include immediate stereochemical information.
A new method is presented to determine the full-range, uniaxial constitutive relationship of materials by tensile tests on funnel specimens with small curvature radius and finite element analysis (FEA).
The stability of elemental labels is mainly influenced by parameters like pH, concentration, temperature and ionic strength, as well as by the geometry of the chelator's internal cavity and the ionic radius of the element [100].
When a part of the nickel was substituted by foreign metals, both the unit cell volume and the −ΔH value increased with the increasing ingredient radius of the substituted elements.
In each limb there were two distal (outer) elements (radius and ulna in the forelimb; tibia and fibula in the hind limb) and a single proximal (inner or upper) element (humerus; femur).
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