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Dictionary
radium
noun
A radioactive metallic chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88.
synonyms
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From about 1913 up until the 1970s, several million radium dials, coated with a mixture of radium-226 and zinc sulfide, were manufactured.
21: (a), 22: (b), 23: Marie Curie, who discovered radium and coined the term "radioactivity" (curium); and Lise Meitner, who helped to discover nuclear fission (meitnerium).
But he does manage to track down some elements traders who will sell him magnesium salvaged from ships and radium from the glowing hands of old wristwatches.Ever the scientist, Mr Aldersey-Williams seeks explanations for artistic effects.
It holds a lot of the equipment of Sir William Crookes, a 19th-century scientist who built the first cathode-ray tubes, experimented with radium, and also discovered thallium an extremely poisonous element.
Everyone on the planet is constantly exposed to low levels of background radiation, mostly from naturally-occurring radon gas.Doses vary widely from place to place, from a global average of around 3 milliSieverts (mSv) a year (mostly from exposure to radon, a naturally-occurring gas) up to 260 mSv in Ramsar, an Iranian town whose streams contain large quantities of naturally occurring radium.
Ironically, its active ingredient is radium, a substance more usually thought of as a cause of cancer than as a treatment.
But one reason radium is dangerous is that, as a glance at the periodic table will show, it is chemically similar to calcium, a principal ingredient of bone.
From 1911 to 1923, ores containing carnotite were mined in Colorado for radium.
Gamma radiation from cobalt-60 has been used in place of X rays or alpha rays from radium in the inspection of industrial materials to reveal internal structure, flaws, or foreign objects; in cancer therapy; in sterilization studies; and in biology and industry as a radioactive tracer.
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The barium-radium mixture is separated.
In a stochastic clock the probability of a certain amount of change is constant (for example, a given quantity of atoms of radium-226 is expected, through decay, to be reduced by half in 1,620 years), although some variation occurs in the actual amount of change.
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