The contemporary techniques include 3D-conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and image-guided radiotherapy (DeNardo and Denardo 2006).
One can hope that more sophisticated irradiation techniques such as conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy or proton beam irradiation will cause less cognitive damage.
However, recent improvements in treatment (e.g., three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy [ 34]) and symptom control for prostate cancer may have contributed to the low symptom frequency in the items assessed in the BS and TS domains.
Furthermore, modern radiation techniques have been more widely used for the treatment of SCCHN including intensity-modulated radiotherapy, adaptive intensity-modulated radiotherapy and proton therapy, either alone or in combination with systemic agents [ 14- 16].
The advent of 3D conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) make possible the dose optimization to complex target volumes close to sane organs at risk.
Recurrent T1-2 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (rT1-2) may be salvaged by 3D – CRT (3D-Conformal Radiotherapy), IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy), Brachytherapy (BT), BT with external radiotherapy.
Dose delivery with high geometric precision is possible due to the introduction of stereotactic radiotherapy, radiosurgery, intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional planning of brachytherapy.
Before leaving primary cancer imaging, one further area that warrants brief discussion is the multimodality imaging for planning three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
The PTV will be irradiated with external beam radiotherapy using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT/ Rapid Arc) techniques.
The first treatment was coded as surgery, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or surveillance.
Radiotherapy using intensity modulated techniques improves the possibility to escalate the target dose and minimize doses to critical organs when compared to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy [ 1– 11].
