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Schwarzschild enunciated the principle of radiative equilibrium and was the first to recognize clearly the role of radiative processes in the transport of heat in stellar atmospheres.
The medium is in radiative equilibrium.
We assume both hydrostatic and radiative equilibrium plus Compton scattering by free electrons.
(A.21) and (A.22) as: (A.23 Finally, we obtain the radiative equilibrium condition as Eq. (10).
Atmospheric gravity waves play an important role in driving the climate of the middle atmosphere away from radiative equilibrium.
Holton and Alexander (2000) observed that in the winter, the stratosphere latitudinal temperature gradient is much weaker than the radiative equilibrium gradient.
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Satoh and Matsuda ([2009]) investigated how cloud microphysics affects upper clouds under an idealized radiative convective equilibrium condition.
The net radiant flux density is a core property governing the radiative and thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere.
To consider the transition process into the equilibrium, radiative transfer theory for vector waves is necessary; see Zeng (1993), Sato (1994) and Ryzhik et al. (1996).
WACCM has a very detailed description of mesospheric and lower thermosphere processes, including nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium, radiative transfer, auroral processes, ion drag, molecular diffusion of major and minor species, and an interactive chemistry module, thereby resolving most known neutral chemistry and major ion chemistry in the middle and upper atmosphere.
Su, G.L. Olson, An analytical benchmark for non-equilibrium radiative transfer in an isotropically scattering medium, Ann.
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