In fact, continents are known to have been scenarios for active adaptive radiations driven by emergence of ecological opportunity, for example, following mass extinctions [ 1– 3, 72].
The genus Aloe originated in southern Africa ~16 million years ago and underwent two major radiations driven by different speciation processes, giving rise to the extraordinary diversity known today.
While intense beams of gamma radiation may potentially spark mass extinctions, the radiation driven by the black hole is unlikely to pose a threat to any life that may exist on Earth, the authors write.
Adaptive radiation, driven by ecological opportunity, predicts rapid early speciation, followed by a subsequent slowdown [2], [41], whereas speciation by non-ecological sexual selection does not predict this trend [23], and may instead predict a speed up of net diversification rate, as recorded in LV cichlids [2], [after 42].
While a plethora of case studies showing adaptive radiation driven by ecological opportunity offered by one of the aforementioned possibilities exist [ 9], examples involving mutualism are scarce (but see [ 12]).
Overall, the effectiveness of NPs in amplifying the effects of radiations is driven by physical chemistry factors, such as the capacity to produce ROS, including its localization and distribution within the cells.
Schlenvoigt, H.-P. et al. A compact synchrotron radiation source driven by a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator.
These areas of research will provide foundations for developing a femto-second hard x-ray Compton back scattering radiation source driven by a mm-wave FEL - a next generation light source.
The proportion of patients in the study who had any amount of radiation exposure — driven by the use of CTs — rose from 28.5% in 1996 to 36.2% in 2010; among them, their average exposure jumped from 4.8 millisieverts to 7.8 millisieverts.
This assumption is important because it assigns risk to any exposure and the burden of cancer attributable to radiation is consequently driven by the lower levels of exposure that contribute the bulk of the radiation dose to the population.
The measured radiation fluxes are driven by radiative transfer processes, such as scattering, absorption and emission, intrinsically related to the properties of the observed surface (Campbell 1996; Jensen 2006).
