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Total radiation time for all 4 screws was reduced by 55% when using guided freehand (17.1 ± 3.7 s) compared to the freehand technique (37.9 ± 9.1 s) (p = 0.001).
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In the conventional kyphoplasty group, the average radiation times for thoracic spine (ts) and lumbar spine (ls) were 175 and 165 seconds.
To compensate for the differences in procedure complexity and thus in radiation time between the patients, the recorded and calculated DAP values were normalized to time by dividing by the corresponding radiation times for both DF and DSA runs.
Considering the relatively recent estimated radiation time of 39 million years for V. harveyi and V. campbellii (Sawabe et al., 2007) and previous findings (Gomez-Gil et al., 2004), it was not surprising that half of misidentifications revealed in this study were V. campbellii mistaken as V. harveyi.
Number of taken radiographs, radiation time and operation time for the conventional freehand technique as well as for the proposed guided freehand method.
Two hours radiation time is enough for the PCM used in the experiment to store the solar heat.
Number of fluoroscopy shots and radiation time were recorded for each interlocking hole.
After normalizing DF and DSA by the radiation time, the DAP for DF and DSA decreased by 47%% (from 6.4 to 3.4 Gy cm/min) and 84%% (from 244.7 to 39.9 Gy cm/min), respectively.
In our study, radiation exposure and time values were used together to calculate DF and DSA DAP for 1 min of radiation time each to normalize for differences in procedure complexity and to enable a better comparison with other studies.
The most likely origin of this lineage was southeastern France or Italy, where C. parasitica was officially first reported in Europe in 1938, right after the radiation times estimated for clusters A3 and B3 (1912 and 1920, respectively).
A range of UV light radiation time (10 40 min) was tested for the HEMA polymerization, and time of 30 min was found to be sufficient to obtain a BRI/PHEMA film with smooth surface.
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