Suggestions(2)
Exact(7)
The mean potyvirus radiation date from these is 5965+/−394 YBP and the mean evolutionary rate is 1.273×10−4 ns/s/yr.
Our results place the potyvirus radiation in the centre of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, during which agriculture and complex human civilization has developed; and even if there had been fortuitously reinforcing combinations of errors in our methods they would have been unlikely to place our estimate of the radiation date outside the Holocene.
We therefore used the same molecular clock for both species (i.e., the one proposed by Ma and Bennetzen 2004) to estimate the radiation date between both species.
This might introduce some bias in their estimation and could explain that we obtained a different estimation of the radiation date.
Introgressions may cause a bias in the estimation of the radiation date, resulting in the presence of old transposable element (TE) insertions in both genomes.
On one hand, Route66 displays a high sequence identity (>95%) between rice and Sorghum throughout the element despite their radiation date (i.e. at least 50 MYa).
Similar(53)
This peculiar situation allows the study of orthologous V1rs between euteleost species (Table 1) whose radiation dates back over 110 mio.
According to our results, based on the rates estimated for a related ground beetle genus using the same genes [ 42], the origin of the Trechina radiation dates back to the middle Eocene.
Several estimates using molecular clock point to substantially older radiation dates: the extensive variation notwithstanding, all these studies estimated the divergence time between protostomes and deuterostomes to be >700 Mya [ 75, 82, 83], leading to the idea of a long interval of "invisible" animal evolution before the Cambrian explosion.
Information was gathered on: age of patient, underlying aetiology, radiation dose, date of surgery, date of first radiograph and adequacy of radiographs.
A key question remains whether the radiation pre-dates or post-dates the establishment of a summer-arid climate in the south-western tip of southern Africa in the mid-Miocene (10 15 Mya, Cowling, Procheş & Partridge, 2009).
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