In an email obtained by the Guardian, Phil Fiermonte, a political aide to Sanders, wrote: "This would be for Bernie to update people about his presidential race decision making and for him to hear from you".
Some scholars said the court did not apply the sort of exacting review to the programs ordinarily required when the government's use of race in decision-making is at issue.
More significantly, Republicans have seen voting rights as an area of constitutional law in which they should take a stand against race-based decision-making.
But the civil rights lawyers bringing the case say they have presented ample evidence of race-based decision-making by police officers.
But where the lower courts saw a safe harbor, the Supreme Court majority saw "express, race-based decision-making" that violated Title VII's other prong, the prohibition against disparate treatment.
(White Physician, Philadelphia Focus Group) During conversations regarding the importance of race for treatment decision-making, white physicians sometimes indicated that race and ethnicity were important for treatment of disease, but immediately followed by stating that race was not as important as other factors.
The purpose of this study is to explore United States primary care physicians' views about the importance of race in treatment decision-making by explicitly asking physicians if, and how race would factor into their decisions about treatment for a hypothetical patient.
The differences we observed in discussions held by black and white physicians about the importance of race in treatment decision-making may also reflect that, in some cases, white physicians may not consciously view race as an important factor for treatment decision-making.
This investigation adds to our understanding about how physicians in the United States consider race when treating patients, and sheds light on issues physicians face when deciding the importance of race in medical decision-making.
The differences in black and white physicians' responses about race for treatment decision-making may also indicate that, compared to black physicians, white physicians were less comfortable discussing issues related to race.
But how many more either are embarrassed to say they are uncomfortable with a black president, or are not even aware that their predispositions about race affected their decision-making process?
