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France's official race blindness, coupled with its ultra-meritocratic educational system, has blocked even the simplest forms of affirmative action.
We should be willing to allow for modest violations of race blindness that yield significant reductions in racial inequality as a morally acceptable tradeoff.
And for a nation that claims "race blindness" as the road to equality, that's disturbing — and makes our route a little hard to believe in when race and ethnicity are the first things people want to know about us.
To push against race blindness, white people must not only see race and acknowledge race as a dominant and destructive force; we must also commit ourselves and each other to making it visible and disrupting the mechanisms by which it operates.
Their error should not prevent us from benefiting from the bitter experience of the past quarter century, from acknowledging that a policy of race blindness is but one means to the constitutional end of assuring substantive, not merely procedural, racial equality and from recognizing that race-blind procedures may be sufficient in certain circumstances but not in others.
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Fervency for race-blindness has left some observers simply blind to a basic fact of American public life: We have pressing moral dilemmas in our society that can be fully addressed only when viewed against the backdrop of our racial history.
The trouble is that race-blindness is a narrow, technical aspiration and not a genuinely moral end.
Race-blindness means having no information about a person's race, while race-neutrality means having no interest in the racial aspect of a social disparity.
Both of these policies respect race-blindness while intentionally using a proxy for race to promote the higher goal of racial equality.
Yet, despite its superficial appeal, race-blindness is an ideal at war with itself: Strict adherence to this principle would impede its own enforcement and inhibit addressing the harmful effects of its own past violation.
Although a majority of voters may find race-blindness to be an attractive ideal, I believe many fewer are prepared to endorse race-neutrality because, in light of our history, race-neutrality is not a very attractive moral stance.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com