This would provide assurance on the safety, quality and efficacy to consumers who want to use these products as quitting aids, especially in relation to the flavourings used, which is where we know least about any inhalation risks".
In a longitudinal study, the predictive ability of high consumption, high dependence, and intention to quit was investigated in relation to continued smoking after 1 year.
For example, studies among Latino smokers [ 12, 13] found that completion of the intervention or assessment was more likely when participants were less depressed, saw less 'pro's' of smoking, were unemployed [ 12], and had less initial confidence in their ability to quit, better health in relation to peers, in addition to higher income [ 13].
One possible explanation for the negative effect of assessing nicotine dependence is that such assessment could reinforce the idea that the person is 'addicted' to smoking and thus reduce self-efficacy in relation to quitting.
With regard to smoking behavior and history (Table 3), the participants and non-participants did not differ in years of smoking, smoking habit at home (yes vs no), social support in relation to quitting, and whether or not there had been any previous attempt to quit.
Participants talked, either explicitly or implicitly, about the values that were important to them in relation to their quit attempt: independence, strength, autonomy, self-control and self-reliance.
As current UK practice is to refer people with COPD to the SSS, any new interventions should be evaluated in relation to the quit rates observed in the SSS.
The wage coefficient effect shows how the difference in mean separation rates would change if female workers had male wage coefficients, calculated from the coefficients used to compute wage elasticity ε l,w =−2β vs. This elasticity-difference coefficient effect on the quit rate gap is −.075 (p<0.01), very large in relation to overall effects.
The measure used to assess identity might not have captured the potential richness of people's identities in relation to smoking after a quit attempt; however, in this first study we wanted to concentrate solely on the two major end-points of potential post-quit identities (i.e. smoker or non-smoker) to evaluate whether it merits further study.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates no additional advantage of offering free NRT for 2 weeks as compared with 1 week to Chinese smokers in relation to self-reported or biochemically validated quitting smoking.
